IT2 Chapter 2 Notes - Lab Procedure / Tool Use

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Below are the chapter 2 notes for IT2, which is the lab procedure / tool usage chapter.

8/27/15

CHAPTER 2

LAB PROCEDURE / TOOL USE

Basic Safety Guidelines & Information

     # General Safety Rules / Electric Safety Tips

• Remove your watch and jewelry and secure loose clothing.
• Turn off the power and unplug equipment before performing service.
• Cover sharp edges inside the computer case with tape.
• Never open a power supply or a CRT monitors.
• Do not touch areas in printers that are hot or that use high voltage.
• Know where the fire extinguisher is located and how to use it.
• Keep food and drinks out of your workspace.
• Keep your workspace clean and free of clutter.
• Bend your knees when lifting heavy objects to avoid injuring your back.
• Do not wear the antistatic wrist strap when repairing power supplies or CRT monitors. Only experienced technicians should attempt to repair power supplies and CRT monitors.
• Check the printer manual for the location of high-voltage components. Some components retain a high voltage even after the printer is turned off. Make sure that the printer has had time to cool before making the repair.
• AC adapters are manufactured for specific laptops. Exchanging AC adapters with a different type of laptop or device may cause damage to both the AC adapter and the laptop.

# Fire Rules & Handling

• Never fight a fire that is out of control or not contained.
• Always have a planned fire escape route before beginning any work.
• Get out of the building quickly.
• Contact emergency services for help.
• Locate and read the instructions on the fire extinguishers in your workplace before you have to use them.

Each type of fire extinguisher has specific chemicals to fight different types of fires:

• Paper, wood, plastics, cardboard
• Gasoline, kerosene, organic solvents
• Electrical equipment
• Combustible metals

Use the memory aid P-A-S-S to remember the basic rules of fire extinguisher operation:

• P - Pull the pin.
• A - Aim at the base of the fire, not at the flames.
• S - Squeeze the lever.
• S - Sweep the nozzle from side to side.

ESD and EMI

# ESD and EMI General Information

• At least 3,000 volts of static electricity must build up before a person can feel ESD.
• Less than 30 volts of static electricity can damage a computer component.

ESD can cause permanent damage to electrical components. Follow these recommendations to help prevent ESD damage:

• Keep all components in antistatic bags until you are ready to install them.
• Use grounded mats on workbenches.
• Use grounded floor mats in work areas.
• Use antistatic wrist straps when working on computers.

# Electromagnetic Interference (EMI)

Electromagnetic interference (EMI) is the intrusion of outside electromagnetic signals in a transmission media, such as copper cabling. In a network environment, EMI distorts the signals so that the receiving devices have difficulty interpreting them.

There are many sources of EMI:

• Any source designed to generate electromagnetic energy.

• Man-made sources like power lines or motors.

• Natural events such as electrical storms, or solar and interstellar radiations.

Climate affects computer equipment in a variety of ways:

• If the environment temperature is too high, equipment can overheat.

• If the humidity level is too low, the chance of ESD increases.

• If the humidity level is too high, equipment can suffer from moisture damage.

Procedures to Protect Equipment from Damage

Voltage is a measure of work required to move a charge from one location to another. The movement of electrons is called current. Computer circuits need voltage and current to operate electronic components. When the voltage in a computer is not accurate or steady, computer components might not operate correctly. Unsteady voltages are called power fluctuations.

The following types of AC power fluctuations can cause data loss or hardware failure:

• Blackout - Complete loss of AC power. A blown fuse, damaged transformer, or downed power line can cause a blackout.

• Brownout - Reduced voltage level of AC power that lasts for a period of time. Brownouts occur when the power line voltage drops below 80 percent of the normal voltage level. Overloading electrical circuits can cause a brownout.

• Noise - Interference from generators and lightning. Noise results in poor quality power, which can cause errors in a computer system.

• Spike - Sudden increase in voltage that lasts for a short period and exceeds 100 percent of the normal voltage on a line. Spikes can be caused by lightning strikes, but can also occur when the electrical system comes back on after a blackout.

• Surge - Dramatic increase in voltage above the normal flow of electrical current. A power surge lasts for a few nanoseconds, or one-billionth of a second.

To help shield against problems, use devices to protect the data and computer equipment:

• Surge suppressor - Helps protect against damage from surges and spikes. A surge suppressor diverts extra electrical voltage that is on the line to the ground.
• Uninterruptible power supply (UPS) - Helps protect against potential electrical power problems by supplying a consistent level of electrical power to a computer or other device. The battery is constantly recharging while the UPS is in use. 
• Standby power supply (SPS) - Helps protect against potential electrical power problems by providing a backup battery to supply power when the incoming voltage drops below the normal level. The battery is on standby during normal operation. This device is not as reliable as a UPS because of the time it takes to switch over to the battery. If the switching device fails, the battery cannot supply power to the computer
• Inline Power Supply (IPS) – Only charges the battery.
• Don’t use UPS’s for printers as it can overload the printer.

Procedures to Protect the Environment

Computers and peripherals contain materials that can be harmful to the environment. A Material Safety and Data Sheet (MSDS) is a fact sheet that summarizes information about material identification, including hazardous ingredients that can affect personal health, fire hazards, and first-aid requirements. The MSDS contains chemical reactivity and incompatibility information. It also includes protective measures for the safe handling and storage of materials and spill, leak, and disposal procedures.

NOTE: The MSDS is valuable in determining how to dispose of potentially hazardous materials in the safest manner. Always check local regulations concerning acceptable disposal methods before disposing of any electronic equipment.

The MSDS contains valuable information:

• Name of the material

• Physical properties of the material

• Hazardous ingredients contained in the material

• Reactivity data, such as fire and explosion data

• Procedures for spills and leaks

• Special precautions

• Health hazards

• Special protection requirements

This chapter discussed safe lab procedures, correct tool usage, and the proper disposal of computer components and supplies. You have familiarized yourself in the lab with many of the tools used to build, service, and clean computer and electronic components. You have also learned the importance of organizational tools and how these tools help you work more efficiently.

Some of the important concepts to remember from this chapter:

• Work in a safe manner to protect users and equipment.

• Follow all safety guidelines to prevent injuries to yourself and others.

• Know how to protect equipment from ESD damage.

• Know about and be able to prevent power issues that can cause equipment damage or data loss.

• Know which products and supplies require special disposal procedures.

• Familiarize yourself with the MSDS for safety issues and disposal restrictions to help protect the environment.

• Be able to use the correct tools for the task.

• Know how to clean components safely.

• Use organizational tools during computer repairs.

CHKDSK:

- Checks HDD for errors and fixes it (/F).

DEFRAG:

- Rearranged non-aligned files so they are together.

DISK CLEANUP:

- Cleans unused files (temp/web)

SYSTEM FILE CHECKER:

- Scans PCs System Files and replaces corrupt files.

DISK MANAGEMENT:

- 1: Initialize Disk

- 2: Create Partitions

- 3: Create Volumes

- 4: Format

ESD:

 Prevention Methods

- Antistatic Mat

- Antistatic Wrist Strap

- Touch Unpainted Metal

- Antistatic Bags

6-Sided Bolt

Use a Hex screw driver to open it.

Crosshead Screw

Use a Phillips screw driver.

Microwaves affect Wi-Fi as well as wireless phones / cellphones.

Raid 0:

• Striping w/ no Redundancy
• High Performance

Raid 1:

• Mirroring
• High Performance
• High Protection

Raid 5:

• Striping w/ Parity
• Rebuilt from remaining drives.

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PS/2 - 6 pin mini DIV

eSATA - External Hard Drives

Serial - Transmits 1 bits at a time. Uses DB9/DB25.

Parallel - Transmits 8 bits at a time. Uses IEEE 1284.

SCSI - Used for HDD & Optical Drive. Supports up to 15 devices. End of the cable must be terminated if not in use.

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